what did the moabites do to the israelites?

Ancient kingdom located in the modernistic state of Jordan

"Moabites" redirects here. For the religious doctrine that says "Moabites" inhabited what is now Morocco, encounter Moorish Scientific discipline Temple of America.

Coordinates: 31°xxx′06″N 35°46′36″E  /  31.50167°N 35.77667°E  / 31.50167; 35.77667

Kingdom of Moab 𐤌𐤀𐤁
c. 13th century BC – c. 400 BC
A theoretical map of the region around 830 BCE. Moab is shown in imperial on this map, betwixt the Arnon and Zered rivers.
Status	Monarchy
Capital letter	Dibon
Common languages	Moabite
History
• Established	c. 13th century BC
• Collapsed	c. 400 BC
Today office of	Hashemite kingdom of jordan

mwjbw "Moab"
Era: New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC)
Egyptian hieroglyphs

Moab ^[a] () is the name of an ancient Levantine kingdom whose territory is today located in the modernistic state of Jordan. The land is mountainous and lies alongside much of the eastern shore of the Expressionless Sea. The existence of the Kingdom of Moab is attested to past numerous archaeological findings, most notably the Mesha Stele, which describes the Moabite victory over an unnamed son of King Omri of Israel, an episode also noted in 2 Kings 3. The Moabite capital was Dibon. Co-ordinate to the Hebrew Bible, Moab was often in disharmonize with its Israelite neighbours to the w.

Etymology [edit]

The etymology of the word Moab is uncertain. The earliest gloss is found in the Koine Greek Septuagint (Genesis xix:37) which explains the proper name, in obvious allusion to the account of Moab'south parentage, as ἐκ τοῦ πατρός μου ("from my father"). Other etymologies which have been proposed regard it as a corruption of "seed of a father", or every bit a participial form from "to desire", thus connoting "the desirable (state)".^{[ citation needed ]} Rashi explains the give-and-take Mo'ab to mean "from the male parent", since ab in Hebrew and Arabic and the remainder of the Semitic languages means "male parent". He writes that as a upshot of the immodesty of Moab's proper noun, God did not command the Israelites to refrain from inflicting pain upon the Moabites in the manner in which he did with regard to the Ammonites. Fritz Hommel regards Moab as an abbreviation of Immo-ab="his mother is his begetter".^[1]

Co-ordinate to Genesis 19:30–38, the ancestor of the Moabites was Lot past incest with his eldest girl. She and her sis, having lost their fiancés and their mother in the devastation of Sodom and Gomorrah, decided to proceed their male parent's line through intercourse with their father. The elder got him drunk to facilitate the human activity and conceived Moab. The younger daughter did the same and conceived a son named Ben-ammi, who became ancestor to the Ammonites. According to the Book of Jasher (24,24), Moab had four sons—Ed, Mayon, Tarsus and Kanvil—and his wife, whose proper noun is not given, is evidently from Canaan.

Geography [edit]

Topography [edit]

Moab was located on a plateau about 910 metres (iii,000 ft) above the level of the Mediterranean, or 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) higher up the Dead Bounding main, rising gradually from north to south.^{[ citation needed ]}

In the north are a number of long, deep ravines, and Mount Nebo, famous equally the scene of the death of Moses (Deuteronomy 34:ane–8).

Boundaries in the Hebrew Bible [edit]

In Ezekiel 25:9 the boundaries are given every bit beingness marked by Beth-jeshimoth (north), Baal-meon (east), and Kiriathaim (southward). That these limits were not fixed, notwithstanding, is plain from the lists of cities given in Isaiah 15–sixteen and Jeremiah 48, where Heshbon, Elealeh, and Jazer are mentioned to the northward of Beth-jeshimoth; Madaba, Beth-gamul, and Mephaath to the eastward of Baalmeon; and Dibon, Aroer, Bezer, Jahaz, and Kirhareseth to the s of Kiriathaim. The primary rivers of Moab mentioned in the Bible are the Arnon, the Dimon or Dibon, and the Nimrim.

The territory occupied by Moab at the flow of its greatest extent, earlier the invasion of the Amorites, divided itself naturally into 3 distinct and independent portions: the enclosed corner or canton south of the Arnon, referred to in the Bible as "field of Moab" (Ruth i:1,2,half-dozen). The more open up rolling country n of the Arnon, opposite Jericho and up to the hills of Gilead, chosen the "country of Moab" (Deuteronomy 1:5; 32:49) and the commune below sea level in the tropical depths of the Hashemite kingdom of jordan valley (Numbers 22:1).

Soil and vegetation [edit]

The limestone hills which form the almost treeless plateau are generally steep but fertile. In the spring they are covered with grass and the tabular array-land itself produces grain. The rainfall is fairly plentiful and the climate, despite the hot summer, is libation than the area w of the Hashemite kingdom of jordan river, snow falling frequently in winter and in spring.

Ancient vestiges and current population [edit]

The plateau is dotted with hundreds of dolmens, menhirs, and stone circles, and contains many ruined villages, mostly of the Roman and Byzantine periods. It contains the city of al-Karak whose modern inhabitants consider themselves as descendants of Moabites.

History [edit]

Moabite sarcophagus in Jordan Archaeological Museum in Amman

Bronze Age [edit]

Despite a scarcity of archaeological bear witness, the being of the Kingdom of Moab prior to the rise of the Israelite state has been deduced from a colossal statue erected at Luxor past pharaoh Ramesses 2, in the 13th century BCE, which lists Mu'ab among a serial of nations conquered during a campaign.^[two] The early inhabitants likely came from the Arabian peninsula immigrating due to the lack of water emphasised by a drought. ^{[وزارة التربية والتعليم one]}

Iron Age [edit]

In the Nimrud clay inscription of Tiglath-pileser III (r. 745–727 BCE), the Moabite male monarch Salmanu (perhaps the Shalman who sacked Beth-arbel in Hosea 10:14) is mentioned equally tributary to Assyria. Sargon II mentions on a clay prism a revolt against him by Moab together with Philistia, Judah, and Edom; merely on the Taylor prism, which recounts the expedition against Hezekiah, Kammusu-Nadbi (Chemosh-nadab), King of Moab, brings tribute to Sargon as his suzerain.^{[ commendation needed ]} Another Moabite king, Mutzuri ("the Egyptian"?), is mentioned as one of the subject princes at the courts of Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal, while Kaasḥalta, possibly his successor, is named on cylinder B of Assurbanipal.^{[ citation needed ]}

Sometime during the Persian menstruum Moab disappears from the extant historical record. Its territory was subsequently overrun by waves of tribes from northern Arabia, including the Kedarites and (after) the Nabataeans.^{[ citation needed ]}

In Nehemiah 4:1 the Arabs are mentioned instead of the Moabites every bit the allies of the Ammonites.^[3]

Crusader catamenia [edit]

When the Crusaders occupied the expanse, the castle they congenital to defend the eastern part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem was called Kerak Castle.

19th-century travellers [edit]

Early modernistic travellers in the region included Ulrich Jasper Seetzen (1805), Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1812), Charles Leonard Irby and James Mangles (1818), and Louis Félicien de Saulcy (1851).^[4]

Biblical narratives [edit]

According to the biblical business relationship, Moab and Ammon were born to Lot and Lot's elder and younger daughters, respectively, in the aftermath of the devastation of Sodom and Gomorrah. The Bible refers to both the Moabites and Ammonites equally Lot's sons, born of incest with his daughters (Genesis 19:37–38).

The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands at the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far as Wadi Mujib to Wadi Hasa,^{[وزارة التربية والتعليم 2]} from which country they expelled the Emim, the original inhabitants (Deuteronomy 2:eleven), but they themselves were afterward driven s by warlike tribes of Amorites, who had crossed the river Hashemite kingdom of jordan. These Amorites, described in the Bible every bit being ruled by King Sihon, confined the Moabites to the country due south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary (Numbers 21:13; Judges xi:18).

God renewed his covenant with the Israelites at Moab before the Israelites entered the Promised Country" (Deuteronomy 29:1). Moses died in that location (Deut 34:v), prevented by God from inbound the Promised Land. He was buried in an unknown location in Moab and the Israelites spent a menses of thirty days there in mourning (Deuteronomy 34:6–8).

According to the Volume of Judges, the Israelites did not pass through the land of the Moabites (Judges 11:18), just conquered Sihon'due south kingdom and his capital at Heshbon. Subsequently the conquest of Canaan the relations of Moab with Israel were of a mixed character, sometimes warlike and sometimes peaceable. With the tribe of Benjamin they had at least one severe struggle, in union with their kindred the Ammonites and the Amalekites (Judges iii:12–xxx). The Benjaminite shofet Ehud ben Gera assassinated the Moabite king Eglon and led an Israelite army confronting the Moabites at a ford of the Jordan river, killing many of them.

The Book of Ruth testifies to friendly relations between Moab and Bethlehem, one of the towns of the tribe of Judah. By his descent from Ruth, David may exist said to accept had Moabite claret in his veins. He committed his parents to the protection of the king of Moab (who may have been his kinsman), when hard pressed by Rex Saul. (ane Samuel 22:three,iv) But hither all friendly relations finish forever. The next time the proper name is mentioned is in the account of David's war, who made the Moabites tributary (two Samuel 8:2; 1 Chronicles 18:2). Moab may have been under the rule of an Israelite governor during this period; among the exiles who returned to Judea from Babylonia were a association descended from Pahath-Moab, whose name means "ruler of Moab".

Later the destruction of the Beginning Temple, the knowledge of which people belonged to which nation was lost and the Moabites were treated the same as other gentiles. As a event, all members of the nations could convert to Judaism without brake. The trouble in Ezra and Nehemiah occurred because Jewish men married women from the various nations without their first converting to Judaism (Nehemiah xiii:23–24).

At the disruption of the kingdom under the reign of Rehoboam, Moab seems to have been captivated into the northern realm. It connected in vassalage to the Kingdom of State of israel until the death of Ahab which co-ordinate to East. R. Thiele's reckoning was in about 853 BCE,^[5] when the Moabites refused to pay tribute and asserted their independence, making war upon the kingdom of Judah (2 Chronicles 22:i).

After the death of Ahab in about 853 BCE, the Moabites nether Mesha rebelled confronting Jehoram, who allied himself with Jehoshaphat, King of the Kingdom of Judah, and with the King of Edom. According to the Bible, the prophet Elisha directed the Israelites to dig a series of ditches between themselves and the enemy, and during the nighttime these channels were miraculously filled with water which was as red as blood.

According to the biblical account, the crimson color deceived the Moabites and their allies into attacking one another, leading to their defeat at Ziz, near En Gedi (2 Kings three; 2 Chronicles 20). According to Mesha'southward inscription on the Mesha Stele, however, he was completely victorious and regained all the territory of which Israel had deprived him. The battle of Ziz is the last of import date in the history of the Moabites every bit recorded in the Bible. In the yr of Elisha's death they invaded State of israel (2 Kings thirteen:20) and later aided Nebuchadnezzar in his expedition against Jehoiakim (2 Kings 24:ii).

Allusions to Moab are frequent in the prophetical books (Isa 25:10; Ezek 25:8–11; Amos 2:one–3; Zephaniah 2:eight–11). 2 chapters of Isaiah (fifteen and sixteen) and one of Jeremiah (48) are devoted to the "burden of Moab". Its prosperity and pride, which the Israelites believed incurred the wrath of God, are frequently mentioned (Isa 16:six; Jer 48:11–29; Zephaniah two:10), and their contempt for Israel is once expressly noted (Jer. 48:27). Moab would be dealt with during the time of the Messiah's rulership co-ordinate to the prophets.^[6] The book of Zephaniah states that Moab would get "a permanent desolation".^[7]

Moab is also made reference to in the two Meqabyan, a book considered canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church building.^[viii] In that text, a Moabite rex named Maccabeus joins forces with Edom and Amalek to assault State of israel, later on repenting of his sins and adopting the Israelite faith.

Religion [edit]

References to the faith of Moab are scant. Most of the Moabites followed the ancient Semitic faith like other ancient Semitic-speaking peoples, and the Book of Numbers says that they induced the Israelites to join in their sacrifices (Num 25:2; Judges 10:six). Their principal god was Chemosh (Jer 48:7, 48:13), and the Bible refers to them as the "people of Chemosh" (Num 21:29; Jer 48:46).

According to II Kings, at times, especially in dire peril, man sacrifices were offered to Chemosh, equally by Mesha, who gave upward his son and heir to him (2 Kings iii:27). Nevertheless, King Solomon congenital a "loftier identify" for Chemosh on the hill earlier Jerusalem (ane Kings 11:7), which the Bible describes as "this detestation of Moab". The altar was not destroyed until the reign of Josiah (2 Kings 23:13). The Moabite Stone likewise mentions (line 17) a female analogue of Chemosh, Ashtar-Chemosh, and a god Nebo (line 14), probably the well-known Babylonian divinity Nabu.

Linguistic communication [edit]

The Moabite language was spoken in Moab. It was a Canaanite linguistic communication closely related to Biblical Hebrew, Ammonite and Edomite,^[nine] and was written using a variant of the Phoenician alphabet.^[10] Most of our knowledge of it comes from the Mesha Stele,^[10] which is the simply known extensive text in this language. In addition, there are the three line El-Kerak Inscription and a few seals.

In Jewish tradition [edit]

According to the Hebrew Bible, the Moabites opposed the Israelite invasion of Canaan, as did the Ammonites. As a result, they were excluded from the congregation for ten generations.^[11] The term "tenth generation" is considered an idiom, used for an unlimited time, as opposed to the tertiary generation, which allows an Egyptian convert to marry into the community. The Talmud expresses the view that the prohibition practical only to male person Moabites, who were not allowed to ally born Jews or legitimate converts. Female person Moabites, when converted to Judaism, were permitted to marry with just the normal prohibition of a catechumen marrying a kohen (priest) applying. Nevertheless, the prohibition was not followed during the Babylonian captivity, and Ezra and Nehemiah sought to compel a return to the law because men had been marrying women who had not been converted at all (Ezra nine:1–2, 12; Nehemiah 13:23–25). The heir of Rex Solomon was Rehoboam, the son of an Ammonite woman, Naamah (1 Kings 14:21).

On the other manus, the marriages of the Bethlehem Ephrathites (of the tribe of Judah) Chilion and Mahlon to the Moabite women Orpah and Ruth (Ruth 1:2–4), and the spousal relationship of the latter, afterward her husband's decease, to Boaz (Ruth four:10–13) who past her was the bang-up-grandpa of David, are mentioned with no shade of reproach. The Talmudic explanation, even so, is that the language of the law applies only to Moabite and Ammonite men (Hebrew, similar all Semitic languages, has grammatical gender). The Talmud as well states that the prophet Samuel wrote the Book of Ruth to settle the dispute every bit the rule had been forgotten since the fourth dimension of Boaz. Another interpretation is that the Volume of Ruth is simply reporting the events in an impartial manner, leaving any praise or condemnation to be done by the reader.

The Babylonian Talmud in Yevamot 76B explains that one of the reasons was the Ammonites did non greet the Children of Israel with friendship and the Moabites hired Balaam to expletive them. The difference in the responses of the two people led to God allowing the Jewish people to harass the Moabites (but not get to war) only forbade them to even harass the Ammonites (Deuteronomy 23:3–iv).

Ruth adopted the god of Naomi, her Israelite female parent-in-law. Ruth chose to go back to Naomi'southward people afterwards her husband, his brother and his male parent, Naomi's hubby, died.

Ruth said to Naomi, "Whither chiliad goest, I volition get; whither thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall exist my people and thy God my God". The Talmud uses this as the ground for what a catechumen must practice to be converted. In that location are arguments as to exactly when she was converted and if she had to echo the statement in front end of the court in Bethlehem when they arrived there.

According to the Book of Jeremiah, Moab was exiled to Babylon for his arrogance and idolatry. According to Rashi, information technology was also due to their gross ingratitude fifty-fifty though Abraham, State of israel's ancestor, had saved Lot, Moab's ancestor from Sodom. Jeremiah prophesies that Moab's captivity volition be returned in the end of days.^[12]

Explanatory notes [edit]

1. ^ Moabite: 𐤌𐤀𐤁‎ Māʾab; Hebrew: מוֹאָב‎, Modernistic: Mōʾav , Tiberian: Mōʾāḇ ; Ancient Greek: Μωάβ Mōáb; Assyrian: 𒈬𒀪𒁀𒀀𒀀 Mu'abâ, 𒈠𒀪𒁀𒀀𒀀 Ma'bâ, 𒈠𒀪𒀊 Ma'ab; Egyptian: 𓈗𓇋𓃀𓅱𓈉 Mū'ībū

See besides [edit]

• Plains of Moab, region along the Hashemite kingdom of jordan beyond from Jericho

References [edit]

1. ^ التاريخ الجزء الأول الجزء الأول الصف 8 (2021 ed.). إدارة المناهجوالكتب الدراسية. p. eight.
2. ^ التاريخ الجزء الأول الجزء الأول الصف 8 (2021 ed.). إدارة المناهجوالكتب الدراسية. p. viii.

1. ^ Leyden (1904). Verhandlungen des Zwölften Internationalen Orientalisten-Congresses. p. 261.
2. ^ Kitchen, K. A. (December 1964). "Some New Light on the Asiatic Wars of Ramesses Two". The Journal of Egyptian Archeology. 50: 47–70. doi:10.2307/3855742. JSTOR 3855742.
3. ^ comp. 1 Macc 9:32–42; Josephus, Jewish Antiquities xiii. xiii, § 5; xiv. 1, § 4.
4. ^ Miller, Max (1997). "Aboriginal Moab: However Largely Unknown". In George Ernest Wright; Frank Moore Cross; Edward Fay Campbell (eds.). The Biblical Archaeologist. Vol. lx. American Schools of Oriental Inquiry. pp. 194–204. doi:x.2307/3210621. JSTOR 3210621. S2CID 163824020. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2018-03-19 . Amongst the travellers who traversed the whole Moabite plateau including Moab proper prior to 1870 and whose published observations deserve special mention are Ulrich Seetzen (1805), Ludwig Burckhardt (1812), Charles Irby and James Mangles (1818), and Louis de Saulcy (1851). Both Seetzen and Burckhardt died during the course of their travels, and their travel journals were edited and published posthumously by editors who did non always empathise the details. Burckhardt's journal was published first, in 1822, and served equally the basis for the Moab segment of Edward Robinson's map of Palestine published in 1841. Robinson's map depicts several strange features for the Moab segment, nearly of which can be traced to editorial mistakes in Burckhardt's journal and/or to entirely understandable misinterpretations of the journal on Robinson's part. Unfortunately, these foreign features would linger on in maps of Palestine throughout the nineteenth century.
5. ^ Edwin Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; G Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; tertiary ed.; One thousand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257.
6. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Numbers 24:xiv, Numbers 24:17, Isaiah xi:fourteen - New American Standard Bible". Bible Gateway. Archived from the original on 2021-xi-08. Retrieved 2021-11-08 .
7. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Zephaniah 2:9 - New American Standard Bible". Bible Gateway. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2021-06-29 .
8. ^ "Torah of Yeshuah: Volume of Meqabyan I - III". Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-eleven-ten .
9. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2020). "Moabite". Glottolog 4.three. Archived from the original on 2018-12-eleven. Retrieved 2020-10-24 .
10. ^ ^{a b} Bromiley, Geoffrey Westward. (2007). "Moab". The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 395. ISBN9780802837851. Archived from the original on 2014-06-28. Retrieved 2016-03-01 .
11. ^ Deuteronomy 23:4
12. ^ Jeremiah 48, Tanach. Brooklyn, New York: ArtScroll. p. 1187.

Further reading [edit]

• Bienkowski, Piotr (1992). Early on Edom and Moab: The Beginning of the Atomic number 26 Age in Southern Jordan. ISBN9780906090459.
• Dearman, John Andrew (1989). Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab. ISBN9781555403577.
• Many comparisons of Biblical Hebrew with the language of the Mêša˓ inscription appear in Wilhelm Gesenius' Hebrew grammar, e.g. §iid , §5d , §7b , §viif , §49a , §54l , §87e , §88c , §117b , etc.
• Jacobs, Joseph and Louis H. Gray. "Moab". The Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901–1906, which cites to the following bibliography:
  • Tristram, H. B. (1874). The Land of Moab: Travels and Discoveries on the East Side of the Dead Sea and the Jordan (Second ed.). London: John Murray.
• Routledge, Bruce (2004). Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology. ISBN9780812238013. The most comprehensive handling of Moab to appointment.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Eatables has media related to Moab.

• Gutenberg E-text of Patriarchal Palestine by Archibald Henry Sayce (1895)
• Moab entry in Smith's Bible Lexicon

williamstudder.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moab